Nestled in the tranquil village of Dale Abbey, Derbyshire, lies a hidden gem that whispers tales of medieval devotion and solitude: The Hermitage. This modest cave, carved into the sandstone cliffs of Hermit’s Wood, offers a fascinating glimpse into the austere life of a 12th-century hermit and the rich tapestry of history that unfolded in this serene corner of England.
A Baker’s Divine Calling
The story of The Hermitage begins with an unlikely protagonist—a baker from Derby. According to local legend, this humble tradesman experienced a divine vision instructing him to seek out a place called Depedale (the old name for Dale) to dedicate his life to solitary worship. Undeterred by the challenges ahead, he embarked on this spiritual quest, eventually arriving at a marshy, desolate valley far removed from human habitation. Here, he found the perfect setting for his hermitage.
The name of the baker remains unknown. Historical records, including the “Chronicle of the Abbey of St Mary de Parco Stanley,” recount his story without mentioning his name. In Victorian times, some writers likened his tale to that of Cornelius the Centurion from the Bible, leading to the mistaken belief that the baker’s name was Cornelius. However, this is a misinterpretation; the baker’s actual name was never recorded.
With unwavering faith and determination, the baker excavated a small dwelling and an altar directly into the sandstone rock face. This simple abode, measuring approximately 6 meters in length and 2.75 meters in width, became his sanctuary—a place where he could devote himself entirely to prayer and contemplation. The interior features a carved cross on the eastern wall, symbolising his piety, and two doorways with rough ogee arches, along with two windows, one of which has been partially blocked over time. These architectural elements, all hewn from the local bedrock, reflect the hermit’s resourcefulness and dedication to his spiritual calling.
From Solitude to Community
The hermit’s austere lifestyle did not go unnoticed. Ralph Fitz Geremund, a local landowner, was moved by the hermit’s devotion and granted him the tithe* from his mill at Borrowash. This benevolence enabled the hermit to construct a small chapel and dwelling on the site of the present All Saints’ Church in Dale Abbey.
(* A tithe is traditionally a tenth part of an individual’s income or produce, given as a contribution to support religious institutions or charitable causes. The term originates from the Old English word teogotha, meaning “tenth.”)
Following the hermit’s death, the spiritual significance of the site attracted others seeking a life of religious devotion. Several attempts were made to establish a monastic community in the area. Finally, around 1200, Dale Abbey was founded by an order known as the White Canons, named for the color of their habits. The abbey thrived until 1538 when it was dissolved under the orders of Henry VIII during the Dissolution of the Monasteries.
The Hermitage Today
Centuries have passed since the hermit first carved his sanctuary into the sandstone, yet The Hermitage remains remarkably well-preserved. Designated as a Scheduled Ancient Monument, it stands as a testament to the enduring human spirit and the quest for spiritual fulfilment. Visitors can explore the cave, observing the carved cross and the remnants of the doorways and windows that once provided light and access to the hermit’s humble abode.
The Hermitage offers intriguing clues about its original structure. Notably, above the doorways and windows on the external face, there are remnants of at least four joist holes and creasing. These features suggest that a wooden structure, possibly a lean-to or canopy, was once attached to the rock face, providing additional shelter or space for the hermit.
In the early 19th century, the Hermitage was occupied by a local inhabitant during the rebuilding of his cottage. He installed a fireplace in the north-east corner and even set up a stocking frame, indicating that the cave was adapted for domestic use beyond its original purpose.
These architectural features provide valuable insights into the Hermitage’s original form and subsequent adaptations, reflecting its enduring role in the local community.
The surrounding Hermit’s Wood, an ancient woodland that likely formed part of the original forest covering the area, adds to the site’s allure. Home to fine beech and oak trees, as well as abundant wildlife and over 60 species of flowering plants, the wood offers a peaceful retreat for those seeking to connect with nature and history.
A Journey Through Time
Visiting The Hermitage is more than a walk in the woods; it’s a journey through time. As you ascend the steep woodland steps leading to the cave, you can imagine the hermit making the same climb, seeking solace and communion with the divine. The view from this vantage point is breathtaking, with the Cat and Fiddle Windmill—the only one of its kind left in Derbyshire—visible on the hill to the north.
The nearby village of Dale Abbey complements the experience with its rich history and charming architecture. All Saints’ Church, parts of which date back to 1150, is particularly noteworthy. This diminutive church, reputedly housing the largest chalice in England, shares its roof with a farmhouse—a unique arrangement that adds to its charm.
Preserving The Hermitage Legacy
The Hermitage and its surrounding landmarks are more than historical curiosities; they are integral parts of the local heritage. Efforts to preserve these sites ensure that future generations can appreciate the rich tapestry of history woven into the landscape of Dale Abbey. Whether you’re a history enthusiast, a nature lover, or someone seeking a moment of reflection, The Hermitage offers a unique and enriching experience.
Planning Your Visit to The Hermitage
For those inspired to explore The Hermitage, it’s important to note that the cave is situated about halfway up a steep hill in Hermit’s Wood. The path is well-signposted, but the ascent involves steep steps, so appropriate footwear and a reasonable level of fitness are recommended.
When I visited in March of 2022, it was very wet underfoot and ascending and descending the steps required a great deal of concentration.
After visiting The Hermitage, consider exploring the village of Dale Abbey. The Carpenters Arms, a pub dating back to the late 1600s, offers a cozy spot to relax and reflect on your journey through history.
Check out the video below for a good understanding of the conditions when wet. The video also shows several other points of interest in the area that you may want to visit if you find yourself in or near Dale Abbey.
Conclusion
The Hermitage in Dale Abbey is a remarkable testament to the enduring human spirit and the quest for spiritual fulfilment. From its humble beginnings as a solitary cave carved by a devoted baker to its role in the establishment of a thriving monastic community, The Hermitage offers a unique window into the past. Its preservation allows us to connect with the lives and stories of those who sought solace and meaning in this tranquil corner of Derbyshire.
As someone who has chosen to live a similar lifestyle of solitude and limited space, it really was an interesting place to visit. And to be honest, I found myself being rather jealous of how much space he had 😊 My van measures just under 6m in length and 2.3m wide but is filled with things like cookers, fridge, shower, toilet etc. I am quite certain the baker who constructed The Hermitage didn’t have all this clutter to deal with and enjoyed a far more spacious space.
